In a commercial warehouse or logistics environment, like those operated by our customers, lithium-ion batteries have become commonplace. Small lithium-ion batteries are found in everything from pocket vapes and smartphones to electric vehicles (EVs) and industrial machinery. These rechargeable batteries are convenient and efficient, making them a popular choice for use in a wide range of devices.

However, their rise in popularity has had an unfortunate side effect: an increase in fires linked to batteries and their chargers. As lithium-ion battery-powered devices become more common, they are frequently found in the workplace in everything from pocket power tools to electric delivery vehicles. And lithium-ion batteries are frequently brought to work by employees, sometimes being left to charge in break rooms or disposed of in workplace waste. Understanding and managing these risks is an essential task for anyone responsible for a commercial building.

Understanding the risks

Small lithium-ion batteries are now so common that it’s challenging to keep track of the risks. For example, battery-powered vapes are widespread but safe recycling facilities are not always readily available.

According to the BBC, 5 million disposable vapes are thrown away each week in the UK, most of which are not recycled. And as e-bikes and scooters rise in popularity, they’ve also become a fast-growing fire risk, with e-bike and e-scooter fires rising 70% in the UK in 2023.

The risks extend beyond personal devices to power tools and industrial equipment. Damage from dropping or knocking a battery often goes unnoticed at first but can cause issues later. While having a spare battery for essential tools is convenient, it can be dangerous when users opt for cheap replacements rather than those sourced from the original manufacturer.

These items and more can easily go unnoticed in a storage or industrial site, posing potential and severe risks. To prevent what could be catastrophic damage, it is essential to recognise the risks and implement proactive, preventive measures.

Safe use of small lithium-ion batteries

• Choose a suitable charging location. For larger devices like e-bikes and scooters, designate a charging area separated from the main building if possible and separate from any flammable materials. If charging batteries in an internal area, ensure the area has a fire compartmentation with a minimum of 120 metre fire resistance. Do not charge batteries along exit routes.
• Use the right equipment. Only use chargers supplied by the original manufacturer of the equipment. If a charger breaks, buy an authentic replacement from the same company. Don’t use extension leads or adaptors for charging.
• Be attentive. A battery may need to cool down for 15-30 minutes before it’s safe to charge. Don’t charge batteries overnight or in an empty building. Inspect batteries and chargers for damage and replace if needed. Don’t cover batteries or chargers as this can cause overheating which can escalate into a fire. Unplug chargers after use.
• Encourage safe practices. Consider installing a vape disposal facility and a battery charging container. Many local authorities offer battery disposal facilities so that batteries can be safely recycled.
• Respond safely to incidents. Small lithium-ion battery fires can escalate quickly and are difficult to extinguish. If a fire starts, only attempt to respond if the first is in its early stages and if properly trained and equipped to do so. If not, immediately evacuate the building and call the emergency services.